Bluegreen sells VOI notes receivable through special purpose finance entities. These transactions are generally structured as non-recourse to Bluegreen and are designed to provide liquidity for Bluegreen and to transfer the economic risks and benefits of the notes receivable to third parties. In a securitization, various classes of debt securities are issued by the special purpose finance entities that are generally collateralized by a single tranche of transferred assets, which consist of VOI notes receivable. Bluegreen services the securitized notes receivable for a fee pursuant to servicing agreements negotiated with third parties based on market conditions at the time of the securitization.

In these securitizations, Bluegreen generally retains a portion of the securities and continues to service the securitized notes receivable. Under these arrangements, the cash payments received from obligors on the receivables sold are generally applied monthly to pay fees to service providers, make interest and principal payments to investors, and fund required reserves, if any, with the remaining balance of such cash retained by Bluegreen; however, to the extent the portfolio of receivables fails to satisfy specified performance criteria (as may occur due to, among other things, an increase in default rates or credit loss severity) or other trigger events occur, the funds received from obligors are required to be distributed on an accelerated basis to investors. Depending on the circumstances and the transaction, the application of the accelerated payment formula may be permanent or temporary until the trigger event is cured. As of March 31, 2021, Bluegreen was in compliance with all terms under its securitization transactions, and no trigger events had occurred but there is no assurance that compliance will be maintained in the future.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance for the consolidation of VIEs, Bluegreen analyzes its variable interests, which may consist of loans, servicing rights, guarantees, and equity investments, to determine if an entity in which Bluegreen has a variable interest is a VIE. The analysis includes a review of both quantitative and qualitative factors. Bluegreen bases its quantitative analysis on the forecasted cash flows of the entity and it bases its qualitative analysis on the structure of the entity, including its decision-making ability and authority with respect to the entity, and relevant financial agreements. Bluegreen also uses its qualitative analysis to determine if it must consolidate a VIE as the primary beneficiary. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, Bluegreen has determined these securitization entities to be VIEs of which it is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, Bluegreen consolidates the entities into its financial statements.

Under the terms of certain of Bluegreen’s VOI note sales, Bluegreen has the right to repurchase or substitute a limited amount of defaulted notes for new notes at the outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. Voluntary repurchases and substitutions by Bluegreen of defaulted notes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $3.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Bluegreen’s maximum exposure to loss relating to its non-recourse securitization entities is the difference between the outstanding VOI notes receivable and the notes payable, plus cash reserves and any additional residual interest in future cash flows from collateral.

The assets and liabilities of Bluegreen’s consolidated VIEs are as follows (in thousands):

The restricted cash and the securitized notes receivable balances disclosed in the table above are restricted to satisfy obligations of the VIEs.